Our team includes experts from the areas of pharmacy, knowledge translation and information sciences. Our mission is to work with a broad group of medication management stakeholders to explore the ways digital technology can be used to promote the safe and effective use of medications.
Research Interests
We focus on emerging topics that impact medication use. Our work is interdisciplinary, often including pharmacists, physicians, engineers, computer scientists, social scientists, and patient and community partners. We focus on the end user, with the aim of promoting good design. Projects have examined the usability of mobile medication applications with older adults, strategies to optimize online education for healthcare workers, and the development of decision tools for complex medication topics in diverse populations. We apply these skills to emerging areas such as naloxone programs during the opioid crisis, and vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our ultimate goal is to help people feel confident using medications safely and effectively to improve their day-to-day lives.
research Publications
Tong, C. E., Lopez, K., Chowdhury, D., Arya, N., Elliott, J., Sims-Gould, J., Grindrod, K., & Stolee, P. (2022). Understanding racialized older adults’ experiences of the Canadian healthcare system, and co-designing solutions: Protocol for a qualitative study in nine languages. Accepted for publication in BMJ Open. [Full Text PDF]
Li KS, Nagallo N, McDonald E, Whaley C, Grindrod K, Boluk K. Implementing Technology Literacy Programs in Retirement Homes, and Residential Care Facilities: Conceptual Framework. JMIR Aging. 2022;5(3): e34997. Published 2022 Aug 19. doi:10.2196/34997 [Full Text PMC]
Tetui M, Grindrod K, Waite N, VanderDoes J, Taddio A. Integrating the CARD (Comfort Ask Relax Distract) system in a mass vaccination clinic to improve the experience of individuals during COVID-19 vaccination: a pre-post implementation study [published online ahead of print, 2022 Jun 20]. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022;2089500. doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2089500 [Full Text PMC]
Saini S, Leung V, Si E, Grindrod, KA et al. Documenting the indication for antimicrobial prescribing: a scoping review [published online ahead of print, 2022 May 12]. BMJ Qual Saf. 2022; bmjqs-2021-014582. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2021-014582 [Full Text Journal]
Oh, B. Y., Violette, R., Grindrod, KA , Waite, N. M., & Houle, S. (2021). Pharmacy students' perceived willingness and ability to negotiate for paid co-operative education positions. Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 2, 100026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100026 [Full Text PDF]
Hussein R, Killeen R, Grindrod K. Effectiveness of social giving on the engagement of pharmacy professionals with a computer-based education platform: a pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Med Educ. 2022;22(1):253. Published 2022 Apr 7. doi:10.1186/s12909-022-03310-0 [Full Text Journal]
Fung A, Foong-Reichert AL, Houle SKD, Grindrod KA. Reasons for Low Regulatory Body Discipline Rates for Canadian Hospital Pharmacists. Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 2022; 75(2). Published April 2022. doi: 10.4212/cjhp.v75i2.3123.[Full Text Journal]
Foong-Reichert AL, Grindrod KA, Houle SKD, Austin Z. Quacks vs facts: Regulatory body discipline when clinicians spread COVID-19 mis/disinformation. Can Pharm J (Ott). 2022;155(2):72-74. Published 2022 Feb 7. doi:10.1177/17151635221076003 [Full Text PMC]
Hussein R, Grindrod K. Is gamification a good approach to influence pharmacists’ behaviour? Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada. February 2022. doi:10.1177/17151635221074956 [Full Text Journal]
Cid A, Patten A, Beazely M, Grindrod K, Yessis J, Chang F. Protocol for the Optimizing Naloxone Dispensing in Pharmacies (ONDP) Online Continuing Education Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pharmacy. 2022; 10(1):24. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10010024 [Full Text Journal]
McNeil H, McMurray J, Byrne K, Grindrod K, Stolee P. Engagement of older adults in regional health innovation: The ECOTECH concept mapping project. SAGE Open Med. 2022 Jan 21;10:20503121211073333. doi: 10.1177/20503121211073333. PMID: 35083046; PMCID: PMC8785349. [Full Text PMC]
Hussein R, He Z, Bareham J, Patel T, Killeen R, Grindrod K. Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Computer-Based Education Platform, Pharmacy5in5, on Pharmacists' Knowledge of Anticholinergic Toxicity Using a Randomized Controlled Trial. Pharmacy (Basel). 2022 Jan 1;10(1):8. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy10010008. PMID: 35076604; PMCID: PMC8788520. [Full Text PMC]
Faisal S, Ivo J, Tennant R, Prior KA, Grindrod K, McMillan C, Patel T. Integration of a smart multidose blister package for medication intake: A mixed method ethnographic informed study of older adults with chronic diseases. PLoS One. 2022 Jan 21;17(1):e0262012. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262012. PMID: 35061773; PMCID: PMC8782488. [Full Text PMC]
Faisal S, Ivo J, McMillan C, Grindrod K, Patel T. In-home medication management by older adults: a modified ethnography study using digital photography walkabouts. Age Ageing. 2022 Jan 6;51(1):afab207. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afab207. PMID: 34718366. [PubMed]
Mercer K, Carter C, Burns C, Tennant R, Guirguis L, Grindrod K. Including the Reason for Use on Prescriptions Sent to Pharmacists: Scoping Review. JMIR Hum Factors. 2021 Nov 25;8(4):e22325. doi: 10.2196/22325. PMID: 34842545; PMCID: PMC8663503.v [Full Text PMC]
Cid A, Patten A, Grindrod K, Beazely MA. Frequently asked questions about naloxone: Part 3. Can Pharm J (Ott). 2021 Nov 5;155(1):9-11. doi: 10.1177/17151635211056571. PMID: 35035636; PMCID: PMC8756371. [Full Text PMC]
Cid A, Patten A, Grindrod K, Beazely MA. Frequently asked questions about naloxone: Part 2. Can Pharm J (Ott). 2021 Oct 4;154(6):385-387. doi: 10.1177/17151635211045966. PMID: 34777648; PMCID: PMC8581805. [Full Text PMC]
Cid A, Patten A, Grindrod K, Beazely MA. Frequently asked questions about naloxone: Part 1. Can Pharm J (Ott). 2021 Aug 16;154(5):301-304. doi: 10.1177/17151635211034528. PMID: 34484479; PMCID: PMC8408911. [Full Text PMC]
Daskalakis G, Cid A, Grindrod K, Beazely MA. Investigating Community Pharmacy Take Home Naloxone Dispensing during COVID-19: The Impact of One Public Health Crisis on Another. Pharmacy (Basel). 2021 Jul 23;9(3):129. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy9030129. PMID: 34449716; PMCID: PMC8396297. [PubMed]
Hussein R, Whaley CRJ, Lin ECJ, Grindrod K. Identifying barriers, facilitators and behaviour change techniques to the adoption of the full scope of pharmacy practice among pharmacy professionals: Using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2021 Aug;17(8):1396-1406. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.10.003. Epub 2020 Oct 20. PMID: 34165083. [Full Text PMC]
Grindrod K, Waite N, Constantinescu C, Watson KE, Tsuyuki RT. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: Pharmacists must be proactive and move the middle. Can Pharm J (Ott). 2021 Apr 19;154(3):133-135. doi: 10.1177/17151635211005763. PMID: 34104261; PMCID: PMC8165884.[Full Text PMC]
Ai-Leng Foong-Reichert, Grindrod KA, Houle S; Exploring Health Professional Criminality and Competence Using the Case of Canadian Health Care Serial Killer Elizabeth Wettlaufer. Journal of Medical Regulation 1 October 2021; 107 (3): 19–27. doi: https://doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-107.3.19 [Full Text Journal}
Cid A, Daskalakis G, Grindrod KA, Beazely MA. What is known about community pharmacy-based take-home naloxone programs and program interventions? A scoping review. Pharmacy 2021; 9(1): 30 [Full Text PMC]
Hussein R, Lin ECJ, Grindrod KA. Effects of computer-based education on health professionals’ knowledge, skills, and behaviour: a scoping review. J Am Pharm Assoc 2021; 61(3): e44-68 [PubMed]
Grindrod KA, Waite N, Constantinescu C, Watson KE, Tsuyuki RT. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: pharmacists must be proactive and move the needle. Can Pharm J 2021; 154(3): 133-135. [Full Text PMC] [Full Text Journal]
Hoang P, Whaley C, Thompson K, Ho V, Rehman U, Boluk K, Grindrod KA. Evaluation of an intergenerational and technological intervention for loneliness: protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial. JMIR Res Protocol 2021: 10(2): e23767 [PubMed] [Full Text PMC]
Stolee P, Elliott J, Giguere AM, Mallinson S, Rockwood K, Sims Gould J, Baker R, Boscart V, Burns C, Byrne K, Carson J, Cook RJ, Costa AP, Giosa J, Grindrod KA, Hajizadeh M, Hanson HM, Hastings S, Heckman G, Holroyd-Leduc J, Isaranuwatchai W, Kuspinar A, Meyer S, McMurray J, Puchyr P, Puchyr P, Theou O, Witteman H. Transforming primary care for older Canadians living with frailty: mixed methods study protocol for a complex primary care intervention. BMJ Open 2021; 11(5):e042911. [Full Text PMC] [PubMed]
Whaley C, Bancsi A, Ho JM, Burns CM, Grindrod KA. Prescribers' perspectives on including reason for use information on prescriptions and medication labels: a qualitative thematic analysis. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21(1):89 [Full Text Journal]
Faisal S, Ivo J, Tennant R, Prior KA, Grindrod KA, McMillan C, Patel T. Implementation of a Real-Time Medication Intake Monitoring Technology Intervention in Community Pharmacy Settings: A Mixed-Method Pilot Study. Pharmacy 2021; 9(2):105. [Full Text Journal]
Hussein R, Killeen R, He Z, Grindrod KA. Assessing pharmacists' knowledge and compliance with narcotic inventory management using a computer-based educational platform. Int J Pharm Pract 2021; 29(3):265-270. [Full Text]
Ellis K, Grindrod KA, Tully S, McFarlane T, Chan KKW, Wong WWL. Understanding the Feasibility of Implementing CAR T-Cell Therapies from a Canadian Perspective. Healthc Policy 2021; 16(3):89-105. [PubMed]
Hussein R, Grindrod KA, Killeen R. Stemming the flow: Strategies for protecting narcotics and controlled drugs in Canadian pharmacies. Can Pharm J 2020 Jun 8;153(4):211-214. [Full Text PMC]
Amoud R, Grindrod KA, Cooke M, Alsabbagh MW. The Impact of Prescription Medication Cost Coverage on Oral Medication Use for Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Health Policy. 2020 Nov;16(2):82-100. [PubMed]
Killeen RM, Grindrod KA, Ong SW. Innovations in practice: Telepharmacy's time has arrived. Can Pharm J 2020; 153(5):252-255. [Full Text PMC] [PubMed]
Patel T and Grindrod KA. Antiseizure drugs and women: Challenges with contraception and pregnancy. Can Pharm J 2020; 153: 357 – 360. [Full Text PMC]
Whaley C, Bancsi A, Burns C, Grindrod KA. Pharmacists’ perspectives on the value of reason for use information. Can Pharm J 2020; 153(5);294-300 [Full Text PMC] [PubMed]
Whaley C, Bancsi A, Ho JM, Burns CM, Grindrod KA. Patient perspectives on including reason for use information on prescriptions and medication labels: a qualitative thematic analysis. J Pharm Policy Pract 2020; 13:63 [Full Text Journal] [PubMed]
Mercer K, Neiterman E, Guirguis L, Burns C, Grindrod KA. "My pharmacist": Creating and maintaining relationship between physicians and pharmacists in primary care settings. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020 Jan;16(1):102-107. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.03.144. [PubMed]
Patel T, Grindrod KA. Antiseizure drugs for women with epilepsy: Before, during, and after pregnancy. Can Fam Physician 2020; 66(4):266-269 [PubMed]
Grindrod KA, Morris K, Killeen R. Assessing Performance and Engagement on a Computer-Based Education Platform for Pharmacy Practice. Pharmacy (Basel) 2020; 8(1). [Full Text PMC]
Tully S, Feng Z, Grindrod K, McFarlane T, Chan KKW, Wong WWL. Impact of increasing wait times on overall mortality of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in large B-cell lymphoma: A discrete event simulation model. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2019; 3:1-9 [Full Text Journal]
Waked K, Nagge J, Grindrod K. Managing hypertension in primary care. Can Fam Physician 2019 Oct;65(10):725-729. [PubMed]
Grindrod KA, Houle SKD, Fernandes H. Traveler's diarrhea. Can Fam Physician 2019 Jul;65(7):483-486. (Translated to French [Full Text Journal] [PubMed]
Bancsi A, Grindrod K. Medical abortion: A practice tool for pharmacists. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2019 Apr 23;152(3):160-163. [PubMed]
Mercer K, Burns C, Guirguis L, Chin J, Dogba J, Dolovich L, Guénette L, Jenkins L, Légaré F, McKinnon A, McMurray J, Waked K, Grindrod KA. Exploring the role of teams and technology in patients’ medication decision making. J Am Pharm Assoc 2019; 59(2): S35–S43.e1. [PubMed]
Mercer K, Burns C, Guirguis L, Chin J, Dogba MJ, Dolovich L, Guénette L, Jenkins L, Légaré F, McKinnon A, McMurray J, Waked K, Grindrod KA. Physician and pharmacist medication decision making in the time of electronic health records: mixed methods study. JMIR Hum Factors 2018; 5(3):e24. [Full Text Journal][Full text PMC]
Houle SKD, Carter CA, Tsuyuki RT, Grindrod KA. Remunerated patient care services and injections by pharmacists: an international update. Can Pharm J 2019; 152(2): 9-108. (Cross Published: J Am Pharm Assoc 2019; 59(1):89-107.) [Full Text PMC]
Gobis B, Yu A, Reardon J, Nystrom M, Grindrod KA, McCarthy L. Prioritizing intraprofessional collaboration for optimal patient care: A call to action. Can Pharm J 2018; 15193): 170-175. [Full Text PMC]
Foong A-L, Grindrod KA, Houle S. Will I lose my license for that? A closer look at Canadian disciplinary hearings and what it means for pharmacists scope of practice. Can Pharm J 2018; 151(3):323-44. [Full Text PMC]
Grindrod KA, Khan H, Hengartner U, Ong S, Logan AG, Vogel D, Gebotys R, Yang J. Evaluating authentication options for mobile health applications in younger and older adults. PLOS One 2018; 131(1): e0189048. [Full Text PMC]
McMurray J, Grindrod K. Burns C. How appropriate is all this data sharing? Building consensus around what we need to know about shared electronic health records in extended circles of care. Healthcare Quarterly 2017; 19(4):28-36. [Journal] [Pubmed]
Grindrod K, Boersema J, Waked K, Gebotys C, Yang J. Locking it down: The privacy and security of mobile medication apps. Can Pharm J 2016; 150(1): 60-66. [Journal] [Full Text PMC]
Wali H, Grindrod K. Don't assume the patient understands: Qualitative analysis of the challenges low health literate patients face in the pharmacy. Res Soc Admin Pharm 2016; 12(6):885-892. [Journal] [Pubmed]
Mercer K, Li M, Giangregorio L, Burns C, Grindrod K Behavior change techniques present in wearable activity trackers: A critical analysis. JMIR mHealth uHealth 2016;4(2):e40. [Journal] [Pubmed]
Wali H, Hudani Z, Grindrod K. A systematic review of interventions to improve medication information for low health literate populations. Res Soc Admin Pharm 2016; 12(6): 830-64. [Journal] [Pubmed]
Mercer K, Giangregorio L, Schneider E, Chilana P, Li M, Grindrod K. “Back it up and simplify”: The acceptability of commercially available wearable activity trackers with adults over age 50 who live with chronic illness: a mixed methods evaluation. JMIR mHealth uHealth 2016; 4(1):e7. [Journal] [Pubmed]
Mercer K, Baskerville N, Burns CM, Chang F, Giangregorio L, Tomasson Goodwin J, Sadat Rezai L, Grindrod KA. Using a Collaborative Research Approach to Develop an Interdisciplinary Research Agenda for the Study of Mobile Health Interventions for Older Adults. JMIR mHealth uHealth 2015; 3(1):e11 [Journal] [Pubmed]
Grindrod KA, Gates A, Dolovich L, Slavcev R, Drimmie R, Aghaei B, Poon C, Khan S, Leat S, . ClereMed: Lessons learned from a pilot study of a mobile screening tool to identify and support adults who have difficulty with medication labels. JMIR mHealth uHealth 2014; 2(3):e35. [Journal] [Pubmed]
Grindrod KA, Li M, Gates A. Evaluating the perceptions of mobile medication management applications with adults 50 and older. JMIR mHealth uHealth 2014; 2(1): doi:10.2196/mhealth.3048. [Journal] [Pubmed]
Houle S, Grindrod K, Chatterly T, Tsuyuki RT. Paying pharmacists for patient care: a systematic review of remunerated pharmacy clinical care services. Can Pharm J 2014; 4:209-232. [Journal]
Houle S, Grindrod K, Chatterly T, Tsuyuki RT. Publicly funded remuneration for the administration of injections by pharmacists: An international review. Can Pharm J 2013; 146(6):353-64. doi: 10.1177/1715163513506369. [PubMed]
Marra CA, Grubisic M, Cibere J, Grindrod KA, Woolcott JC, Gastonguay L, Esdaile JM. Cost-utility analysis of a multidisciplinary strategy to manage osteoarthritis of the knee: economic evaluation of the PhiT-OA study. Arthritis Care Res 2013. [PubMed]
Grindrod K, Forgione A, Tsuyuki R, Gavura S, Giustini D. Pharmacy 2.0: A scoping review of social media use in the profession. Res Soc Admin Pharm 2013; 10(1): 256-70. ePub [PubMed]
Grindrod K. How the threat of antibiotic apocalypse helped a pharmacist find her voice. Can Pharm J 2013; 146:151-154. [PubMed]
Grindrod K, Rahman I, Roy M, Sanghera N, Tritt M. Living MedsCheck. Canadian Pharmacists Journal 2013; 146(1): 33-38. [PubMed] [Link to original student weblog here]
Marra C, Cibere J, Grubisic M, Grindrod K, Gastonguay L, Thomas J, Embley P, Colley L, Tsuyuki R, Kkan K, Esdaile J. Pharmacist initiated intervention trial in osteoarthritis (PhIT-OA): a multidisciplinary intervention for knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res 2012; 64(12):1847. [PubMed]
Marra CA, Lynd LD, Grindrod KA, Joshi P, Isakovic A. Evaluating the labour costs associated with pharmacy adaptation services in British Columbia. Canadian Pharmacists Journal 2012; 145:2:78-82. [PubMed] *Awarded “Paper of the Year” award at the Canadian Pharmacists Association annual conference 2013.
Menear M, Grindrod K, Clouston, K, Legarae F, Norton P. Advancing knowledge translation in primary care. Canadian Family Physician 2012; 58:623-7. [PubMed]
Grindrod K, Lynd L, Joshi P, Rosenthal M, Isakovic A, Marra C. Pharmacy owner and manager perceptions of pharmacy adaptation services in British Columbia. Canadian Pharmacists Journal 2011; 144:231-5. [Can Pharm J]
Heinrich N, Joshi P, Grindrod K, Lynd L, Marra C. Family physicians’ perceptions of pharmacy adaptation services in British Columbia. Canadian Pharmacists Journal 2011; 144(4): 172-8. [PubMed]
Grindrod K, Gavura S. Pharmacy 2.0. Canadian Pharmacists Journal 2010; 143(3):122-5. [Can Pharm J]
Grindrod KA, Marra CA, Colley L, Tsuyuki RT, Lynd LD. Pharmacists’ preferences for providing patient-centered services: a discrete choice experiment to guide health policy. Ann Pharmacother 2010;44(10):1554-64. [PubMed]
Grindrod KA, Marra C, Colley L, Cibere J, Tsuyuki R, Esdaile J, Gastonguay L, Kopec J. After people are diagnosed with knee OA, what do they do? Arthritis Care Res 2010; 62(4): 510-5. [PubMed]
Rosenthal M, Grindrod KA, Lynd L, Marra C, Bougher D, Wilgosh C, Tsuyuki R. Pharmacists’ perspectives on providing chronic disease management services in the community – Part II: Development and implementation of services. Canadian Pharmacists Journal 2009; 142(6): 284-9. [Can Pharm J]
Grindrod KA, Rosenthal M, Lynd L, Marra C, Bougher D, Wilgosh C, Tsuyuki R. Pharmacists’ perspectives on providing chronic disease management services in the community – Part I: Current practice environment. Canadian Pharmacists Journal 2009; 142(5): 234-9. [Can Pharm J]